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)
Trenddagi loyihalar
SAVOL-JAVOBLAR
ICO nima?
Dastlabki tanga takliflari (ICOlar) mahsulot va xizmatlar uchun mablag' to'plashning mashhur usulidir. ICOlar dastlabki ommaviy takliflarga (IPO) o'xshash bo'lsada, ICOda chiqarilgan tangalar dasturiy ta'minot xizmati yoki mahsulot uchun foydali bo'lishi mumkin. Ba'zi ICOlar investorlarga ham daromad keltiradi.
ICOlar IPOlarga qanday o'xshaydi?
ICO ko'pincha xususiy kompaniya tomonidan yangi aktsiyalarni taklif qiluvchi dastlabki ommaviy takliflar (IPO) bilan taqqoslanadi. ICO ham, IPO ham kompaniyalarga mablag' to'plash imkonini beradi. ICO va IPO o'rtasidagi asosiy farq shundaki, IPO qimmatli qog'ozlarni sotishni o'z ichiga oladi va ancha qattiqroq qoidalarga bo'ysunadi.
IPOlar va ICOlar o'rtasidagi farqlar qanday?
ICO bu kirish, IPO esa chiqish. ICO bilan startap loyiha/mahsulot g'oyasini yoki prototipini sotishga va bozorga kirishga harakat qiladi. IPO bilan tashkil etilgan xususiy kompaniya o'z mulkini jamoatchilikka tarqatish orqali kengayishga intiladi.
ICOlar tarixi qanday?
Hammasi 2013 yilda boshlangan bo'lib dasturiy ta'minot muhandisi J.R. Wlilett MasterCoin uchun (keyinchalik Omni Layerga rebrendlangan) "Ikkinchi Bitcoin Loyiha Hujjati" nomli loyiha hujjatini yozdi va loyiha uchun 600,000 AQSh dollari yig'di. 2014 yilga kelib yettita loyiha jami 30 million AQSH dollarini yig'di. O'sha yili eng kattasi Ethereum bo'lib, u jamoatga 50 million ETH sotish orqali 18 million AQSh dollaridan ortiq mablag' yig'di. 2015 yil tinchroq yil bo'ldi. Yetti ICO jami 9 million AQSh dollarini yig'di, eng kattasi Augur bo'lib, 5 million dollardan sal ko'proq yig'di. Faoliyat 2016 yilda 43 ta ICO, jumladan Waves, Iconomi, Golem va Lisk 256 million AQSh dollarini to'plaganidan keyin faollasha boshladi. Aynan shu davrda DAO loyihasi, Ethereum ekotizimini rivojlantirishni rag'batlantirishga qaratilgan avtonom investitsiya fondi investorlarga moliyalashtirish uchun loyihalar bo'yicha ovoz berish imkonini berib, o'zining ICOsini ishga tushirdi. Savdodan ko'p o'tmay, rekord darajadagi 150 million AQSh dollari yig'ildi, xaker taxminan 60 million dollarlik ETHni o'g'irladi, bu esa loyihaning qulashiga va Ethereum protokolining tubdan o'zgartirishga olib keldi. DAO ning muvaffaqiyatsizligi yangi paydo bo'lgan raqamli aktivlar maydoniga bo'lgan ishtiyoqni to'xtata olmadi. Dekabr oyida ICO investitsiyalariga bag'ishlangan birinchi fond eski maktab venchur kapitalistlaridan katta yordam oldi. Qisman texnologik taraqqiyot ta'siri ostida 2017 yilda ICO yangi cho'qqiga chiqdi, 342 ta ICO taxminan 5,4 milliard AQSh dollarini yig'di va kontseptsiyani blokcheyn innovatsiyalarining birinchi qatoriga qo'ydi.
Dastlabki tanga takliflarining (ICOlar) risklari qanday?
ICO qimmatli qog'ozlar qoidalariga bo'ysunmaganligi sababli, oshkor qilish talablarining yo'qligi taklifni baholash qobiliyatingizni qiyinlashtirishi mumkin. Investitsiya qilishdan oldin ICO maqsadlari haqida to'liq tasavvurga ega bo'lish qiyin yoki imkonsiz bo'lishi mumkin.